New to teaching, Craig Maginnis was finishing up his fourth-grade class’ unit on genetics when Robert raised his hand. “I understand how a mother gives the baby her genes,” he said, “but how does the father do it?”

Unprepared for the question, Mr. Maginnis told him to ask his parents.

“They won’t know,” he said.

“They’ll know,” Mr. Maginnis assured him.

“No, they won’t,” he persisted.

“How can you be so sure?”

The boy’s answer, “They don’t even know what a parallelogram is.”